1. Gịnị bụ ịka nká nke rọba? Gịnị ka nke a na-egosi n'elu?
N'ime usoro nhazi, nchekwa na ojiji nke rọba na ngwaahịa ya, n'ihi ọrụ zuru oke nke ihe ndị dị n'ime na mpụga, njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ na njirimara mekaniki nke rọba na-emebi nwayọ nwayọ, ma mechaa tụfuo uru ojiji ha. A na-akpọ mgbanwe a ịka nká roba. N'elu elu, a na-egosipụta ya dị ka mgbawa, ịrapara, ime ka ọ sie ike, ime ka ọ dị nro, ịchacha agba, na uto ebu.
2. Kedu ihe ndị na-emetụta ịka nká nke roba?
Ihe ndị na-akpata ịka nká nke roba bụ:
(a) Oxygen na oxygen dị na roba na-enwe mmeghachi omume free radical chain reactions na molekul roba, a na-agbajikwa molekul agbụ ma ọ bụ jikọta ya nke ukwuu, nke na-ebute mgbanwe na njirimara roba. Oxidation bụ otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa na-akpata ịka nká nke roba.
(b) Ọrụ kemịkalụ nke ozone na ozone dị elu karịa nke oxygen, ọ na-emebikwa ihe karịa. Ọ na-agbajikwa usoro molekul, mana mmetụta nke ozone na roba na-agbanwe ma roba ahụ ọ gbawara agbawa ma ọ bụ na ọ gbawara agbawa. Mgbe ejiri ya na roba gbawara agbawa (karịsịa roba na-enweghị afọ ojuju), mgbawa ndị ahụ na-apụta n'akụkụ nke ihe nrụgide, ya bụ, ihe a na-akpọ "mgbawa ozone"; mgbe ejiri ya na roba gbawara agbawa, naanị ihe nkiri oxide ka a na-emepụta n'elu ya na-enweghị mgbawa.
(c) Okpomọkụ: Ibuli okpomọkụ elu nwere ike ibute mgbawa okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ njikọ okpomọkụ nke roba. Mana mmetụta bụ isi nke okpomọkụ bụ ịgbalite. Meziwanye ọnụego mgbasa oxygen ma mee ka mmeghachi omume oxidation rụọ ọrụ, si otú a na-eme ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume oxidation nke roba dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, nke bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị - ịka nká oxygen okpomọkụ.
(d) Ìhè: Ka ebili mmiri ìhè dị mkpụmkpụ, otú ahụ ka ike na-abawanye. Mmebi nke rọba ahụ bụ ụzarị ultraviolet nwere ike dị elu. Na mgbakwunye na ịkpalite mgbawa na njikọta nke yinye molekul roba ozugbo, ụzarị ultraviolet na-emepụta radicals efu n'ihi nnabata nke ike ìhè, nke na-amalite ma na-eme ka usoro mmeghachi omume oxidation chain dị ngwa. Ìhè ultraviolet na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ikpo ọkụ. Ihe ọzọ e ji mara ihe na-eme n'ìhè (dị iche na ihe na-eme n'ìhè okpomọkụ) bụ na ọ na-emekarị n'elu rọba ahụ. Maka ihe nlele nwere oke gluu, a ga-enwe mgbawa netwọk n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ, ya bụ, ihe a na-akpọ "mgbawa oyi akwa mpụga anya".
(e) Nrụgide nke igwe: N'okpuru nrụgide igwe ugboro ugboro, a ga-agbaji yinye molekul roba iji mepụta radicals efu, nke ga-akpali mmeghachi omume nke yinye oxidation ma mepụta usoro mechanochemical. Mbelata ígwè nke yinye molekul na ime ka usoro oxidation rụọ ọrụ n'ime igwe. Nke nwere aka dị elu dabere n'ọnọdụ ebe etinyere ya. Na mgbakwunye, ọ dị mfe ime ka ozone gbawaa n'okpuru nrụgide.
(f) Mmiri: Mmetụta nke mmiri nwere akụkụ abụọ: roba na-emebi ngwa ngwa mgbe mmiri zoro ezo n'ikuku mmiri ma ọ bụ mikpuo n'ime mmiri. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mmiri na-ewepụta ma na-agbaze ihe ndị na-agbaze mmiri na ìgwè mmiri doro anya na roba. Mmiri na-akpata ya site na hydrolysis ma ọ bụ absorption. Karịsịa n'okpuru mgbanwe nke mmiri na ikpughe ikuku, mbibi nke roba ga-eme ngwa ngwa. Mana n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mmiri anaghị emebi roba ahụ, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta nke igbu oge ịka nká.
(g) Ndị ọzọ: E nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ, ion ígwè variable variable valence, radieshon ike dị elu, ọkụ eletrik na bayoloji, wdg, nke na-emetụta rọba.
3. Kedu ụdị ụzọ nnwale ịka nká nke roba si eme?
Enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime ụdị abụọ:
(a) Usoro nnwale ịka nká sitere n'okike. A na-ekewa ya ọzọ n'ime ule ịka nká nke ikuku, ule ịka nká ngwa ngwa nke ikuku, ule ịka nká nke nchekwa eke, ihe sitere n'okike (gụnyere ala e liri n'ala, wdg) na ule ịka nká nke bayoloji.
(b) Usoro nnwale ịka nká nke e ji aka mee. Maka ịka nká nke okpomọkụ, ịka nká nke ozone, ịka foto, ịka nká nke ihu igwe e ji aka mee, ịka nká nke foto-ozone, ịka nká nke bayoloji, ịka nká nke radieshon ike na eletriki, na ịka nká nke kemịkalụ.
4. Kedu ọkwa okpomọkụ kwesịrị ịhọrọ maka ule ịka nká nke ikuku ọkụ maka ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara rọba?
Maka roba eke, okpomọkụ nnwale na-abụkarị 50~100℃, maka roba sịntetik, ọ na-abụkarị 50~150℃, okpomọkụ nnwale maka ụfọdụ roba pụrụ iche na-adịkwa elu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji roba nitrile eme ihe na 70~150℃, a na-ejikwa roba silicone fluorine eme ihe na 200~300℃. Na nkenke, a ga-ekpebi ya dịka ule ahụ si dị.
Oge ozi: Febụwarị-14-2022
