1. Gịnị bụ roba ịka nká?Kedu ihe nke a na-egosi n'elu?
Na usoro nke nhazi, nchekwa na ojiji nke roba na ngwaahịa, n'ihi keukwu edinam nke esịtidem na mpụga ihe, anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara na n'ibu Njirimara nke roba nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akawanye njọ, na n'ikpeazụ ida ha ojiji uru.A na-akpọ mgbanwe a ịka nká roba.N'elu ya, a na-egosipụta ya dị ka mgbawa, njigide, ike ike, nro, chalking, discoloration, na mildew.
2. Kedu ihe ndị na-emetụta ịka nká nke roba?
Ihe na-ebute ịka nká roba bụ:
(a) Oxygen na ikuku oxygen dị na rọba na-enweta mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ n'efu na ụmụ irighiri rọba, a na-agbajikwa agbụ molekụla ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya nke ukwuu, na-ebute mgbanwe na akụrụngwa rọba.Oxidation bụ otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa kpatara ịka nká roba.
(b) Ọrụ kemịkal nke ozone na ozone dị elu karịa nke ikuku oxygen, ọ na-ebibikwa ya.Ọ na-agbajikwa agbụ molekụla, ma mmetụta ozone na rọba na-adịgasị iche na ma rọba ahụ agbarụrụ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị.Mgbe a na-eji rọba mebiri emebi (karịsịa unsaturated rọba), mgbawa perpendicular na ntụziaka nke nrụgide na-apụta, ya bụ, ihe a na-akpọ "ozone crack";mgbe a na-eji ya na roba mebiri emebi, ọ bụ naanị ihe nkiri oxide na-emepụta n'elu na-enweghị mgbawa.
(c) Okpomọkụ: Ịkwalite okpomọkụ nwere ike ime ka mgbawa ọkụ ma ọ bụ ikpo ọkụ nke rọba.Ma isi mmetụta nke okpomọkụ bụ ịgbalite.Mee ka ọnụọgụ ikuku oxygen dịkwuo mma ma mee ka mmeghachi omume oxidation rụọ ọrụ, si otú a na-eme ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume oxidation dị ngwa ngwa, nke bụ ihe na-emekarị ịka nká - ikuku oxygen na-ekpo ọkụ.
(d) Ìhè: Ka ọkụ ọkụ dị mkpụmkpụ, ka ike na-abawanye.Nbibi nke rọba bụ ụzarị ultraviolet nwere ike dị elu.Na mgbakwunye na ịkpata mgbawa ozugbo na njikọ njikọ nke ụdọ molekụla rubber, ụzarị ultraviolet na-emepụta radicals n'efu n'ihi nnabata nke ike ọkụ, nke na-amalite ma na-eme ka usoro mmeghachi omume oxidation dị ngwa ngwa.Ultraviolet ìhè na-arụ ọrụ dị ka kpo oku.Ihe ọzọ e ji mara ọkụ (dị iche na omume okpomọkụ) bụ na ọ na-emekarị n'elu rọba.Maka ihe atụ nwere ọdịnaya gluu dị elu, a ga-enwe ntanetị netwọk n'akụkụ abụọ, ya bụ, ihe a na-akpọ "optical outer Layer cracks".
(e) Nchegbu n'ọrụ: N'okpuru mmegide nke nrụgide n'ibu ugboro ugboro, a ga-agbaji yinye molekụla rọba iji mepụta radicals n'efu, nke ga-ebute mmeghachi omume oxidation ma mepụta usoro mechanochemical.Mechanical scission nke molekụla agbụ na n'ibu ịgbalite oxidation Filiks.Kedu nke nwere aka elu na-adabere na ọnọdụ nke etinye ya.Na mgbakwunye, ọ dị mfe ime ka ozone cracking n'okpuru omume nke nrụgide.
(f) Mmiri: Mmetụta nke mmiri nwere akụkụ abụọ: rọba na-emebi ngwa ngwa mgbe mmiri ozuzo na-ezo na ikuku iru mmiri ma ọ bụ na-emikpu n'ime mmiri.Nke a bụ n'ihi na ihe ndị na-agbaze mmiri na mmiri dị ọcha na rọba na-amịpụta ma gbazee site na mmiri.Ihe kpatara ya site na hydrolysis ma ọ bụ absorption.Karịsịa n'okpuru ọrụ ọzọ nke imikpu mmiri na ikpughe ikuku, a ga-eme ka mbibi nke rọba dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.Ma n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mmiri adịghị emebi roba, na ọbụna nwere mmetụta nke igbu oge ịka nká.
(g) Ndị ọzọ: E nwere mgbasa ozi kemịkalụ, ion valence metal ion dị iche iche, radieshon ike dị elu, ọkụ eletrik na ihe ndị dị ndụ, wdg, nke na-emetụta rọba.
3. Kedu ụdị ụdị ule ịka nká roba?
Enwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ:
(a) Usoro ule ịka nká eke.A na-ekewakwa ya n'ime ule ịka nká nke ikuku, ule ịka nká nke ikuku, nyocha ịka nká nke okike, usoro okike (gụnyere ala e liri, wdg) na ule ịka nká.
(b) Usoro ule ịka nká arụrụ arụ.Maka ịka nká nke okpomọkụ, ozone ịka nká, photoaging, ịka nká ihu igwe, ịka nká foto-ozone, ịka nká nke ndu, ike ọkụ dị elu na ịka nká eletrik, na mgbasa ozi kemịkal.
4. Kedu ọkwa okpomọkụ ka a ga-ahọrọ maka ule ịka nká na-ekpo ọkụ maka ogige roba dị iche iche?
N'ihi na eke roba, ule okpomọkụ na-abụkarị 50 ~ 100 ℃, maka sịntetik roba, ọ na-abụkarị 50 ~ 150 ℃, na ule okpomọkụ maka ụfọdụ pụrụ iche rubbers bụ elu.Ka ihe atụ, nitrile roba na-eji na 70 ~ 150 ℃, na silicone fluorine roba na-ejikarị na 200 ~ 300 ℃.Na nkenke, a ga-ekpebi ya dịka ule ahụ si dị.
Oge nzipu: Feb-14-2022
